Overview of Self-Driving Car Technology Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), represent a transformative advancement in the automotive industry, leveraging cutting-edge technologies to facilitate vehicle operation without direct human intervention. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has defined a framework for the levels of automation ranging from Level 0, which entails no automation, to Level 5, where the vehicle can perform all driving tasks independently in any environment. Understanding these levels is critical in grasping how the technology evolves and its implications for consumers and road safety. At the heart of self-driving car technology lies a sophisticated amalgamation